The Factors Influencing The Mpemba Effect Essays

The Factors Influencing The Mpemba Effect Essays The Factors Influencing The Mpemba Effect Paper The Factors Influencing The Mpemba Effect Paper The Mpemba Effect is a phenomenon in which hot H2O freezes faster than cold H2O. This phenomenon was discovered in Tanzania, Africa, by a high school pupil named Mpemba. ( Kurtus ) Conduction, convection, radiation, and vaporization are methods through which heat can be transferred from one substance to another and are necessary in understanding the Mpemba Effect. When an object or liquid is at a different temperature than its milieus, heat transportation occurs so that all the organic structure and its milieus become in a province of thermic equilibrium. This means that they are all at the same temperature. ( Heat transportation: Wikipedia ) Heat is continuously being transferred throughout our environment all the clip. Heat is normally transferred from high temperature objects to take down temperature objects. An illustration of this is when stepping on hot sand. The heat transportations from the hot sand to the ice chest object which is the pess. Heat transportations from certain stuffs better than others, for illustration, glass or plastics. If several objects that do non hold the same temperatures come in contact with each other, the heater objects turn ice chest and ice chest objects turn heater. ( Hewitt 270 ) When the transportation of heat occurs through direct contact it is called conductivity. When heat is being transferred by conductivity, atoms vibrate against each other. For illustration, when an eating utensil such as a spoon is placed in hot soup the utensil gets warmer because the heat from the soup is being transferred onto the spoon. Conduction is much better in solids because atoms in a solid are in changeless contact, whereas in liquids and gases the molecules are normally non as near, cut downing the possibility of the molecules to clash and go through thermic energy. Metallic elements are most of the clip the best music directors of thermic energy due to the manner metals are bonded. They contain more free moving negatrons and are hence able to reassign energy rapidly through the metal. ( Heat transportation: Wikipedia ) For illustration, when one terminal of an Fe nail is placed over a fire, it will rapidly go excessively hot to keep due to the many free traveling negatron s carry oning heat. As the denseness of the object decreases, so does its conduction, hence fluids and gases are less conductive than metals. ( Hewitt 271 ) When heat is transferred by motion of warmed affair it is called convection. It is the transportation of thermic energy in a gas or liquid by motion of currents. For illustration, when heating H2O in a pan, the molecules at the underside of the pan becomes less heavy and are pushed up by denser ice chest fluids that take up its topographic point at the underside of the pan. ( Kurtus 2002 ) Convection can do circulation in a liquid, as in the warming pot of H2O over a fire. As the het H2O expands and becomes less heavy it rises. The ice chest more heavy H2O near the surface so drops and forms of circulation can organize. The possibility of convection occurs in all fluids, whether they are liquids or gases. Convection besides occurs in a gas. Warm air rises because it is less heavy than the ice chest air, hence drifting upward. ( Heat transportation: Wikipedia ) Radiation is electromagnetic moving ridges that transport energy straight, through infinite. Sunlight is a signifier of radiation that is radiated through infinite to Earth. This heat is non transferred through conductivity because nil is touching the Sun to our planet for conductivity to be possible. Convection is non possible for conveying heat to the Earth since there are no fluids in infinite. The Sun transportations heat through 90 three stat mis of infinite! It is all radiation that brings heat to our planet. ( Mansfield ) This energy is called beaming energy. Radiant energy comes in the signifier of electromagnetic moving ridges. Electromagnetic moving ridges include: microwaves, wireless moving ridges, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, X rays, seeable visible radiation, and gamma beams. ( Hewitt 275 ) The Earth freshnesss and emits radiant energy. This freshness is nons of radiant heat are the firing coals in a hearth, a lamp fibril, and the Sun. They all emit infrar ed radiation and seeable visible radiation. When some of this energy falls on other objects, some of the energy is reflected and some absorbed. The captive energy increases the internal energy of the objects. ( Hewitt 276 ) A alteration from a liquid to gas that takes topographic point on the surface of a liquid is called vaporization. When the temperature of a liquid increases, its molecules move all about and run into each other and travel at different velocities. Molecules at the surface of the liquid addition in kinetic energy by being hit by molecules from below and may acquire adequate energy to interrupt away from the liquid, and wing off, turning into vapour, this is vaporization. ( Hewitt 288 ) An illustration of vaporization is a puddle of H2O on a pavement and one time the H2O is warmed by the Sun, the H2O molecules at the surface of the H2O flight and turn into a gas. Vaporization trades with the energy of single molecules and non about the mean energy of a system. Not all molecules in a liquid have the same energy. Not all molecules have the same sum of energy. In order for a molecule to vaporize and go forth the liquid to turn into a gas it must foremost derive adequate energy. The rate of vaporization can besides go faster with a lessening in gas force per unit area around the liquid. ( Chem4kids.com ) The Mpemba Effect was discovered by a high school pupil named Erasto Mpemba from Tanzania, Africa in 1963. While in the procedure of doing ice pick, Mpemba noticed this phenomenon. He and his co-workers were utilizing a mixture which included boiling milk. They were supposed to wait until their mixture cooled because they were told that hot objects could damage the icebox. However, Mpemba recognizing that infinite was scarce in the icebox put his hot mixture in without leting it to chill. A small subsequently he realized that his hot mixture froze foremost. He told his instructor of his findings, of which his instructor told him that he must be confused. It took several old ages before university professors accepted his find. It is under certain conditions affecting methods of how heat is transferred that the consequence could take topographic point. ( Science Buddies ) The phenomenon, while simple to depict, is deceivingly complex, and illustrates legion of import issues about the scientific method: the function of incredulity in scientific enquiry, the influence of theory on experiment and observation, the demand for preciseness in the statement of a scientific hypothesis, and the nature of falsifiability. ( Jeng 1 ) When Mpemba was doing ice pick and made his find he was nt utilizing a timer, but he was smart plenty to detect the difference in stop deading times. ( School for Champions ) At first the Mpemba Effect seems impossible, how does H2O that s warmer freezing faster than H2O that s colder? However there are many different factors that determine whether or non the Mpemba Effect will be successful. There exists a set of initial parametric quantities ( H2O mass, gas content of H2O, container form and type, and infrigidation method ) , and a brace of temperatures, such that given two organic structures of H2O indistinguishable in these parametric quantities, and differing merely in their temperatures, the hot one will stop dead Oklahoman. ( Jeng 6 ) Since there are so many factors that can be varied, experiments to turn out the Mpemba Effect frequently lack in consistent consequences. Plants Cited Paul G. Hewitt. Conceptual Physics. San Francisco: Addison-Wesley, 1998. School for Champions. Ron Kurtus. October 2002. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.school-for- champions.com/SCIENCE/Mpemba.htm. Hot Water can stop dead faster than cold? ! ? Monwhea Jeng. 2005. Science Buddies. Andrew Olson, Ph.D. 2007 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/Phys_p032.shtml. ? fave=no . Heat Transfer- Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia. 2010 hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer. Heat Transfer. Laurie Jarvis, Deb Simonson. hypertext transfer protocol: //hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/thermo/heatra.html. Chem4kids.com. Matter: Vaporization. Andrew Rader Studios. 2009 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_evap.html Convection, Conduction and Radiation. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mansfieldct.org/schhols/MMS/staff/hand/convcondrad.htm

The Best Free Email Marketing Software Tools You Should Use

The Best Free Email Marketing Software Tools You Should Use Free doesn’t have to mean crap. Not even when it comes to email marketing software. Sure, your email list is valuable. 4,000% ROI-level valuable. But, that doesn’t mean every tool you use to execute an email strategy needs to be expensive. In fact, there are tons of free options out there, and they don’t even entail accepting compromises just to get work done. In this post, we’ll round up the best free email tools you should consider using. Then, we’ll show you how to build an entire workflow using free resources. Whether you’re operating on a shoestring budget, or just need a gadget or two to tackle certain tasks, you’re sure to find something you can use.The Best Free Email Marketing Software Tools You Should Use via @Introducing the Email Subject Line Tester You get one chance to write the perfect subject line for your email. Of course, there’s no way to be sure how it’ll perform until you hit â€Å"send.† But, wouldn’t be great if you could tilt the odds in your favor? That’s where our  Email Subject Line Tester  comes in. It's the best way to: Optimize subject lines: Understand which elements to adjust for best performance. Do better subject line A/B tests: Test multiple options, choose your best scores, and repeat. Improve open rates: 33% of recipients open emails based on the subject line. Test yours to make sure you're getting as many opens as possible. Give it a spin now and start optimizing every subject line you write (before sending it to your list). Try the new Email Subject Line Tester from @All 28 Email Marketing Tools This Post Will Cover You might just want a roundup of all the tools mentioned here. In that case, browse through this list and pick out what you need. Free Email Planning and Research Tools Before you get started creating email content, you have some legwork to do. Here are a few resources to help you plan. Free Email Marketing Calendar Template: We’ve included one in this post to help plan all your send dates. Feedly: One of the best RSS reader apps out there. Follow sources in your industry and surface the best content to share with your audience. Scope: Curious to know how a cool-looking email was coded? Use Scope to dissect it and see what you can learn. Try these free email planning and research tools Free Email Writing Tools Writing email copy isn’t easy. Neither is dealing with shame after sending an email with a spelling error. Tips the odds for success in your favor with a couple free editing tools. Grammarly: There’s nothing worse than sending an email to your entire list with a typo. Use Grammarly to catch them before you hit publish. Hemingway: Is your email copy clear and conversational? Use Hemingway to analyze your writing and make sure it’s easy to read. Write flawless emails with these free editing tools Free Email Design Tools Most email service providers make it easy to create designed emails using WYSIWYG editors and templates. If you prefer to hard code your own emails, though, there are free tools out there to help. BEE Free Responsive Email Builder: This responsive email builder lets you design email newsletters, and then deliver them with whichever service you prefer. Free HTML email template roundup from Colorlib: If you need HTML email templates, you’ll likely find several useful options amongst this enormous roundup. HTML to Text Email Converter: Plain text emails  might not look as attractive as designed emails, but they serve plenty of purposes (they’re easier to read, quicker to load, for starters). Use this tool to convert designed emails into plain text, if you plan to send two versions. Free Formatter: Building emails with HTML? Use this tool to cleanly format your code. Da Button Factory: Use this to build CTA buttons for your HTML emails. PicResize: If you have images in your email, and don’t want to fire up Photoshop to resize them, use PicResize to get the job done quickly. Here's how to design great marketing emails without breaking the bank Free Landing Page Building Tools Each of these tools are meant to do one thing: create conversion-optimized landing pages to direct traffic toward from your emails. MailChimp Landing Page Builder Ucraft Landing Page Builder Vertical Response Landing Page Builder OntraPages Landing Page Builder Xtensio Landing Page Creator Send your email traffic to well-designed landing pages with these free tools Free Email Testing Tools Once you hit Send on an email, it’s gone. Outta there. Not coming back, no matter how bad you need to fix something. Get it right before you deliver with these free resources. Mail Tester: Make sure your email isn’t likely to trip spam filters before you send it. Email Deliverability Test: Ensure your email has a high probability of landing in your recipient’s inbox. Email Subject Line Tester: Optimize subject lines before you send to maximize opens and clicks. This one was built by , and its available as a web-based landing page, or within the platform itself. A/B Split Test Calculator: Use this calculator to determine the statistical relevance of your A/B test results. A/B Split Test Duration Calculator: How long should your A/B tests run for? Here’s one way to find out. Email Rendering Preview: If you’re building HTML emails, it’s always good to know how they will appear in people’s inboxes. This tool lets you take a sneak peek. PutsMail: Test your subject line and body content appearance before sending your email. Test every email before hitting Send with these free tools Free Email Service Providers and Delivery Tools Getting emails built and sent is much easier with an email service provider. Here, we’ll recommend a couple, plus one additional tool for easily automating email promotions from RSS. MailChimp: Free for up to 2,000 subscribers and 12,000 emails per month. Integrates with to plan and schedule emails on your marketing calendar. SendInBlue: Free for 300 emails per day. ChimpFeedr: Create RSS-based email subscription feeds effortlessly. Get started with email marketing using these free email service providers Free Email Measurement and Analytics Tools Most ESPs include built-in analytics, but there are a couple tools we recommend using for building tracking URLs. Google Analytics Campaign URL Builder: Use this to create trackable URLs to use in your email content. Google Analytics: Measure referral traffic and conversions from your emails. Measure the performance of your marketing emails with these free tools Plugging Free Tools Into Your Email Marketing Workflow So, now you have a giant list of free tools. Now, how to actually use any of them? Let’s walk through where they fit in your workflow. Step 1: Planning Your Email Newsletter The first step is figuring out what your email will include. Are you putting together: A sales email. Something informational. A product update. Once you have that down, Then, if your newsletter will be rounding up curated content, check out your feeds in Feedly to find relevant content to share: Finally, plan your send date on the email calendar template we’ve included in this post: Using this template, you can map out the following for each email send: Send date Email creator/owner Email type (promo, newsletter, etc) Target Persona Email List (name of list segment that should receive it) Supporting details on each piece of content included in your email And more. In short, using a calendar is an easy way to keep every email send organized. Or, if you’re a paid customer, in (you can snag a free 14-day trial here): Do This In : Using the MailChimp integration, you can automate marketing email newsletter delivery on your marketing calendar. This helps you see every delivery date alongside the rest of your marketing campaigns, content, and projects. Step 2: Writing Your Email Content Next, fire up a word processor and start crafting your next masterpiece. To make sure it’s readable, scan your content in Hemingway. Then, run it through Grammarly to help catch any typos you may have missed: After that, try ’s Email Subject Line Tester and write several email subject line options you think might work. First, enter your subject line: Then, review your analysis. It’ll start by letting you know if you’re using words that either increase or decrease opens (and includes links to word banks showing you which words to consider adding, or avoiding): You’ll also get recommendations on which style case to use: Then, you’ll see suggestions for word count, number usage, and emojis: Finally, you’ll get an illustrated preview of how your subject line might appear to a reader: Try writing several subject line options until you narrow it down to two that you’ll A/B test. Recommended Reading: Everything You Need to Know About Writing Awesome Email Subject Lines Step 3: Designing Your Email Hand-coding marketing emails is not for the faint of heart. It’s also not necessarily essential, with ESPs offering much of the functionality most marketers might need to develop emails. But, there are benefits to designing emails yourself. You get total control over how your email designs look, and it makes sure your emails are unique and more difficult to duplicate. Using the free tools in this post, you can either create emails totally from scratch (which, realistically, you would probably have a developer take on this task), or use freely available templates and tools to create your own, separate from the templates available in your ESP. Note: If you’re using an email service provider like MailChimp, Campaign Monitor, or another similar service, skip this section. First, you might want to snag some inspiration from another email you’ve seen. Try using Scope, a free tool from Litmus, to see how it was built. All you need to do is visit the site, and click and drag the bookmarklet to your browser toolbar: Next, pull open an email you want to examine in Gmail, and click Scope It in your toolbar: The next step is to click the arrow pointers in the middle right to see the source code, or use the Code/Design toggle switch on the upper right: If you choose to go this route, fire up BeeFree.io and select one of the available templates: Or, select Start From Scratch and create your own: As you’re adding content and graphics to your email, use PicResizer to keep images within a reasonable size before dropping them into your newsletter: Then, once you click Save, you can download your email as HTML and send it with your ESP (or, you can upgrade to a paid plan). Now, according to MailChimp, it’s wise to send a plain text version along with designed emails. So, use their HTML to Text Email Converter to make this process easy: Step 4: Create and Schedule Your Email If you’re not building your email by hand, then create and schedule it using MailChimp. This video will show you how to get it done: If your email has links, you’ll also want to use trackable URLs. Use the Google Analytics Campaign URL Builder  to help you track referral traffic from your email: Step 5: Design Your Landing Page (Optional) If you’re sending marketing emails, there’s a good chance you’re promoting something. That means you might also have a campaign landing page where you’re directing traffic. MailChimp makes it easy to create a landing page quickly with their landing page builder. Here’s how it works: Recommended Reading: How to Write Landing Pages That Convert Step 6: Test Your Email Before Delivery A lot can go wrong with email marketing if you aren’t careful. So, let’s make sure your email is well-optimized for success before hitting send. Start by making sure you’re not likely to end up in the SPAM folder using Mail Tester. First, send your email to the address you’re shown: Then, you’ll receive a report checking your spam score. Next, let’s check your email deliverability. This email deliverability test tool from Send Forensics  will help you determine your deliverability performance according to industry benchmarks, and more. To start, the tool will ask for some information: Then, you’ll get an analysis back with some useful stats and data. Now, most ESPs (like MailChimp) make it easy to set up A/B tests to see which subject line influences the most opens. You might want to test all kinds of different elements, from email layouts, to CTAs, to subject lines, and beyond. To calculate how long you should run an A/B test in order to drive a desired increase in conversions, use VWO’s A/B Split Test Duration Calculator. You can use this for all kinds of different A/B tests (like split testing landing pages, for example), but it works well for our purposes here, too. How do you know if your split test results mean, well, anything? Use this A/B Split Test Calculator. It’ll tell you whether there’s any meaningful statistical correlation between result A and result B, based on your total sample size: Finally, if you’re curious how your email will display in various email clients, use Email Previews. It lets you see how your email will look across 90+ different apps: Step 7: Measure Your Email Marketing Performance Now, once your email is sent, you’ll need to measure its performance, and apply what you learn to your next email send. If you’re using MailChimp, you can find a lot of data right in the app. Follow these three guides: How to use Email Campaign Reports in Google Analytics. How to connect your MailChimp account to Google Analytics. Where to find MailChimp data in Google Analytics. If you’re building your own emails, check out this guide from Smart Insights  on using Google Analytics to measure email marketing performance. Recommended Reading: 20 Email Marketing Best Practices That Will Improve Results What Are You Getting Done With Free Email Software? If you’re serious about email marketing, you’re probably paying for an email provider, and maybe some other tools, too. But, if cost has prohibited you from getting started, hopefully you were pleasantly surprised to learn what you could get done completely for free. Even if you are using a sophisticated email tool stack, hopefully you did find something here you could use, and know exactly where to incorporate it into your workflow.

Victimization and racial boundaries (English Literature) Essay

Victimization and racial boundaries (English Literature) - Essay Example h other races and darker skin tones, this concept of ivory white skin remained the hallmark of beauty even before the ugly side of race relations reared its head in America. However, with the long span of history between the whites and the blacks, this connotation grew ever stronger, creeping even into the culture of blacks as they struggled against the restrictions their own skin color brought upon them. Lightness of skin tone became more than just a badge of beauty, but also represented a certain power and freedom that had long been denied black people. For black women, lighter skin meant better husbands, more comfortable lives and perhaps even a greater opportunity to experience what it was like to be white. For black men, having the power to seduce a white woman meant he had a power all his own, a means of defeating his oppressors and bringing the white devils down a peg or two. This concept of whiteness as a standard of beauty, power and control is found throughout Chester Himes ’ novel â€Å"If He Hollers, Let Him Go† and Toni Morrison’s novel â€Å"The Bluest Eye† as they each relate how issues of skin color have served to victimize the entire community. The concept that white is right is laced throughout Himes’ novel as Robert (Bob) Jones struggles to maintain balance and still get the job done in a work environment that unofficially discriminates against the black workers in numerous ways. The story opens with an introduction to Bob as a black man living with a black family in a barely adequate home and terrified of the race issues that he sees erupting around him in World War II Los Angeles. As the story unfolds, it is revealed that Bob is one of many Southern blacks who have moved to L.A. in the hope of finding his fortune in the wartime boom of production needs coupled with the shortage of white men available to work the necessary jobs. On the job, he has had some success, being the only black man to have been appointed to the position of